Number Theory: What does 1.48°C warming in 2023 mean?

2023 was the warmest year on record — and by a bit. It also almost breached the 1.5°C warming threshold compared to the 1850-1900 baseline, according to data released on 9 January by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To be sure, as HT reported on January 10, this does not mean that the world is close to breaching the limit for climate change set by the Paris Agreement of 2015. What does the number released by ECMWF mean then? Here are four charts that explain this.

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